垂直外腔面发射半导体激光器的双波长调控研究

报道了一种结构紧凑的垂直外腔面发射激光器（Vertical-External-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser,VECSEL）及其双波长调控。通过调控泵浦光功率,实现了VECSEL输出的两个激光波长之间的相互转换,双波长的间隔接近50 nm。VECSEL的输出功率曲线呈现明显的两次翻转,翻转点对应了激射波长的转换。这是由于泵浦功率变化改变了增益芯片内部的温度,进而通过热调谐使得发光区增益峰值被调谐到腔模的不同位置。在0℃时,每个激射波长的最大输出功率都在1.5 W以上。随着泵浦功率的改变,激射波长可以在950 nm和1000 nm之间切换,同时还可以在1.5 W以上的功率水平下实现双波长同时激射。这种可切换波长及双波长同时激射的VECSEL器件在光调制、差频等领域有较大应用潜力。     

纳秒脉冲激光清洗石化设备对清洗表面的影响

采用纳秒脉冲激光对石化设备普遍使用的20钢表面锈蚀层以及油污进行了激光清洗试验,通过正交实验法得到优化后的激光清洗工艺参数,在激光功率18 W,激光脉冲重复频率75kHz,扫描速度3 000mm/s的清洗工艺参数下可有效去除20钢表面的锈蚀层;在激光功率20 W,激光脉冲重复频率75 kHz,扫描速度2 250 mm/s的清洗工艺参数下可有效去除20钢表面附着的油污。分析了激光清洗前后材料表面形貌的变化,研究了激光清洗前后表面的显微硬度以及耐腐蚀性,结果表明：激光清洗可以在不改变材料的耐腐蚀性能的同时提升材料表面的显微硬度,从而达到理想的激光清洗效果。     

基于时域频域分析结合的调谐激光吸收光谱检测参数优化

随着调谐激光吸收光谱(tunable laser absorption spectroscopy, TLAS)技术在气体检测中的应用越来越广泛,二次谐波信号的质量与检测参数紧密相关,因而分析检测参数的优化方法很有意义。本文根据谱线预处理中的滤波参数、系统采样时间、锁相放大器的时间常数对信号的影响以及参数间的联系,总结检测参数的选取规律。根据滤波原理和不同浓度下信号的均方根误差(root mean squared error,RMSE)值选择合适的滤波阶数和窗宽。选择信噪比(signal-to-noise ratio,SNR)、RMSE、信号与噪声频域幅度之比(ratio of amplitude in frequency domain of signal to noise,f_SNR)3种评价指标的曲线变化趋势进行时频分析,得到最佳采样周期数为30,结合实验系统具体参数可计算最佳采样时间。通过信号主频带与截止频率的关系和滤波效果选择合适的时间常数。综合分析3个检测参数并总结选取方法,可提高二次谐波信号的质量。本文提出的参数选取方法对提高二次谐波在实际应用中的准确度有...     

飞秒激光在6H-SiC表面诱导偏振依赖纳米结构特性研究

激光诱导偏振依赖纳米结构是一种有效实现纳米图案化的技术,并且一直备受研究者的青睐。利用飞秒激光微加工技术,对6H-SiC晶体表面激光诱导偏振依赖纳米结构特性进行了研究。通过改变入射激光加工偏振态和延迟时间样品表面诱导产生了直径约为150 nm的球形纳米颗粒、椭圆形纳米颗粒和空间周期约为150 nm的高空间频率表面条纹结构。实验结果表明,入射激光偏振特性会直接影响诱导产生的微结构形貌,并且优先入射的飞秒激光对最终产生的表面微结构形貌有决定性作用。初步探讨了偏振依赖纳米结构形成的物理机制,表面等离激元(surface plasmon polariton, SPP)在表面微纳米结构的产生过程中扮演着重要角色,研究结果对激光诱导表面周期结构(laser-induced periodic surface structures, LIPSS)可控制备具有重要意义。     

Covalent Adaptable Microstructures via Combining Two-Photon Laser Printing and Alkoxyamine Chemistry: Toward Living 3D Microstructures

Manufacturing programmable materials, whose mechanical properties can be adapted on demand, is highly desired for their application in areas ranging from robotics, to biomedicine, or microfluidics. Herein, the inclusion of dynamic and living bonds, such as alkoxyamines, in a printable formulation suitable for two-photon 3D laser printing is exploited. On one hand, taking advantage of the dynamic covalent character of alkoxyamines, the nitroxide exchange reaction is investigated. As a consequence, a reduction of the Young´s Modulus by 50%, is measured by nanoindentation. On the other hand, due to its “living” characteristic, the chain extension becomes possible via nitroxide mediated polymerization. In particular, living nitroxide mediated polymerization of styrene results not only in a dramatic increase of the volume (≈8 times) of the 3D printed microstructure but also an increase of the Young's Modulus by two orders of magnitude (from 14 MPa to 2.7 GPa), while maintaining the shape including fine structural details. Thus, the approach introduces a new dimension by enabling to create microstructures with dynamically tunable size and mechanical properties.     

Femtosecond Laser 4D Printing of Light-Driven Intelligent Micromachines

Intelligent micromachines that respond to external light stimuli have a broad range of potential applications, such as microbots, biomedicine, and adaptive optics. However, artificial light-driven intelligent micromachines with a low actuation threshold, rapid responsiveness, and designable and precise 3D transformation capability remain unachievable to date. Here, a single-material and one-step 4D printing strategy are proposed to enable the nanomanufacturing of agile and low-threshold light-driven 3D micromachines with programmable shape-morphing characteristics. The as-developed carbon nanotube-doped composite hydrogel simultaneously enhanced the light absorption, thermal conductivity, and mechanical modulus of the crosslinked network, thus significantly increasing the light sensitivity and response speed of micromachines. Moreover, the structural design and assembly of asymmetric microscale mechanical metamaterial unit cells enable the highly efficient additive nanomanufacturing of 3D shape-morphable micromachines with large dynamic modulation and spatiotemporal controllability. Using this strategy, the world's smallest artificial beating heart with programmable light-stimulus responsiveness for the cardiac cycle is successfully printed. This 4D printing method paves the way for the construction of multifunctional intelligent micromachines for bionics, drug delivery, integrated microsystems, and other fields.     

Multiphoton Lithography as a Promising Tool for Biomedical Applications

Multiphoton lithography (MPL) is a powerful and useful structuring tool capable of generating 2D and 3D arbitrary micro- and nanometer features of various materials with high spatial resolution down to nm-scale. This technology has received tremendous interest in tissue engineering and medical device manufacturing, due to its ability to print sophisticated structures, which is difficult to achieve through traditional printing methods. Thorough consideration of two-photon photoinitiators (PIs) and photoreactive biomaterials is key to the fabrication of such complex 3D micro- and nanostructures. In the current review, different types of two-photon PIs are discussed for their use in biomedical applications. Next, an overview of biomaterials (both natural and synthetic polymers) along with their crosslinking mechanisms is provided. Finally, biomedical applications exploiting MPL are presented, including photocleaving and photopatterning strategies, biomedical devices, tissue engineering, organoids, organ-on-chip, and photodynamic therapy. This review offers a helicopter view on the use of MPL technology in the biomedical field and defines the necessary considerations toward selection or design of PIs and photoreactive biomaterials to serve a multitude of biomedical applications.     

Recent Advances on High-Speed and Holographic Two-Photon Direct Laser Writing

Two-Photon Lithography, thanks to its very high sub-diffraction resolution, has become the lithographic technique par excellence in applications requiring small feature sizes and complex 3D pattering. Despite this, the fabrication times required for extended structures remain much longer than those of other competing techniques (UV mask lithography, nanoimprinting, etc.). Its low throughput prevents its wide adoption in industrial applications. To increase it, over the years different solutions have been proposed, although their usage is difficult to generalize and may be limited depending on the specific application. A promising strategy to further increase the throughput of Two-Photon Lithography, opening a concrete window for its adoption in industry, lies in its combination with holography approaches: in this way it is possible to generate dozens of foci from a single laser beam, thus parallelizing the fabrication of periodic structures, or to engineer the intensity distribution on the writing plane in a complex way, obtaining 3D microstructures with a single exposure. Here, the fundamental concepts behind high-speed Two-Photon Lithography and its combination with holography are discussed, and the literary production of recent years that exploits such techniques is reviewed, and contextualized according to the topic covered.     

基于消光断层法的喷雾分布不均匀度测量技术

燃油喷嘴喷雾分布不均匀度作为衡量喷嘴喷雾性能的重要参数之一,直接影响发动机的燃烧效率以及污染排放。为了验证消光断层法激光式分布器(Statistical Extinction Tomography Scan Optical Patternator,SETscan)在喷雾分布不均匀度方面的测量能力,利用离心式喷嘴在不同燃油工况条件下开展燃油喷嘴雾化性能实验,并与传统机械式测量方法进行了对比。结果表明,相比于传统机械式测量方法,激光式测量方法稳定性更好、实验效率更高、实验数据更加直观,具有更高的时间和空间分辨率,对激光遮挡率为10%~90%的燃油喷雾能够得出合理有效的浓度分布实验结果,同时由于激光式测量方法属于非接触测量,不会受到喷雾本身特性和安装位置等因素的影响。     

基于真空加载的激光错位散斑干涉自动化检测系统

为满足某橡胶/金属粘接结构产品的批量化检测需求,提升检测效率和自动化水平,设计开发了一套基于真空加载的激光错位散斑自动化检测系统。该系统集成了轻量化框架和紧凑型光路,并通过检测软件和检测流程优化,得到了较为理想的散斑检测图像;同时结合产品结构特点和检测灵敏度要求,设计了基于PLC控制的真空舱和运动控制装置,实现了产品粘接质量的自动化检测应用。结果表明,该系统可检测出检测试块上预置的人工缺陷,与原有手动检测模式相比,在保证检测产品检测灵敏度要求的前提下,极大地提升了检测效率,降低了检测人员的劳动强度,具有良好的工程应用价值。